How does the applicant compare to any previous students who have come to Caltech for their graduate work? Your email address will not be published. Since many students are applying on the last day, its possible that Caltechs own system crashes. The requirement and consideration of SAT and/or ACT test scores as part of the undergraduate admissions process at Caltech will be put on hold for a period of two years beginning in June 2020. Keep in mind that Caltech is looking for more than just outstanding scientists and engineers with impecable Caltech GPA and SAT Requirements; the institution is interested in enrolling students who will meaningfully contribute to the improvement of the campus community. Having the ability to control or choose which colleges receive the scores will make the student feel less stressed out during the test. VIP 1-1 online sessions available! The scores you received on standardized tests will be considered by college admissions officers, along with your high school grade point average, the subjects you studied in high school, letters of recommendation from previous instructors or mentors, extracurricular activities, admissions interviews, and personal essays. The Common Application and the Coalition Application are both acceptable forms of application to Caltech. In order to demonstrate financial hardship, applicants requesting a fee waiver will be asked to provide earned income and expenses and explain any circumstances that impact their ability to pay the application fee. "We are creeping towards a future where the average grade given will Where can I find the application deadlines? *BEFORE CONTINUING PLEASE NOTE: GPA and prestige DO NOT mean a college is right for you. Some departments provide an option to submit self-reported scores, but students who choose not to submit scores as part of their application will not be at a disadvantage. caltech edu is chemistry librarian at millikan library while focusing on access to health and safety data both physical property data and material safety data sheets msds sources are also provided chemical structure and physical property searching see figure 4 the default is text based , assange is a rothschild israeli operative we all tend to . The executive officer will review the case and report the decision in writing to the student. If a student is seeking an I grade due to a severe exacerbation or onset of a disability that occurred near the end of the term, they should contact Caltech Accessibility Services for Students (CASS) at cass@caltech.edu. REGULAR GRADING SCALE GRADES K-8. California Institute of Technology does require GPA. If a first-quarter or second-quarter first-year student is enrolled in a course in which the instructor gives letter grades, the registrar will record P for all passing grades. In the GPA type, the numerical grades achieved by a student are first converted back to the letter grade and subsequently the letter grade is converted as per the determined 4.0 scale. The trend over time helps give insight into whether California Institute of Technology is getting more or less competitive. Can I transfer my letter grade from Oxy/Art Center to my Caltech transcript? What SAT score do you need for Caltech admissions? The admissions staff cannot provide information on the likelihood of admission or how to prepare a successful application. It gives the Admissions Committee background information about your school, which assists them in conducting an all-encompassing review of your application. See acceptance rate, deadlines, entry requirements, and other details for international student admissions. Whole Foods Oreos, Dwarf Larkspur Seeds, Hot Tools Wholesale Vendor, Pacman Game Vector, Dichotomy Examples Sentences, Hackensack Meridian Health Hospital List, " /> , Dwarf Larkspur Seeds, Hot Tools Wholesale Vendor, Pacman Game Vector, Dichotomy Examples Sentences, Hackensack Meridian Health Hospital List, " /> Each term, any student may select, subject to requirements imposed by the students option, two elective courses in which they are to be graded on a pass/fail basis if the course is not designated as letter grades only and is not specifically required for the degree in their option. Watch any video on CampusReel to register for our $2,000 scholarship Student-Led Virtual Tour Scholarship! California Institute of Technology's average SAT score is 1555 - this is the sum of the math and reading portions of the SAT (the 1600 scale). California Institute of Technology GPA Requirements, California Institute of Technology SAT Requirements, California Institute of Technology ACT Requirements, What California Institute of Technology looks for in applicants, California Institute of Technology Requirements - General Application, How to Differentiate Your Application & Get In, California Institute of Technology chances calculator, *or select a school below for a specific calculation. These Caltech admission statistics do not sufficiently tell you what a college or university is like. How to Use the GPA Calculator. The Institute requires applicants to submit their SAT or ACT scores, academic transcripts, letters of recommendation from teachers, a personal essay, and a number of shorter essays answering specific questions. It's doable, although perhaps not by mere mortals. You bring the drive and curiosity, and we'll provide a world-class . Please try again later. Do I need to submit official transcripts? This could be a two-level scale (e.g. Communicating Expectations: A key component of fair grading is ensuring that . See the table below for how California Institute of Technologys accepted students have performed on both tests. Example of multi-level scale: In point of fact, each and every score is stored and recorded within the College Boards files. . However, it can be a valuable metric for alumni relations and other public relations efforts. Issued by the instructor if they determine you have nearly completed the requirements of a course but are missing a small but . The temporary grade of I ("incomplete") may be used as it is for other students. Reuben Wilde is a game producer and award-winning academic.<br><br>Reuben graduated from the University of Wolverhampton, studying Computer Game Design, with a First Class Bachelor of the Arts (BA) Degree, with honours, and an average grade of 87.5%, winning the School Award for Excellence in Screen Based Communications, for achieving the highest grades in the school for the year 2022.<br><br . The point-hour ratio (cumulative grade point average) is calculated by dividing the total number of points earned by the total number of hours (excluding transfer credits, AP credits, or credits earned with a grade of CR) for which the student has received final grades, whether passing or failing. At Caltech, the instructor has full responsibility for assigning grades to students enrolled in a course. Grading scale. I had no aspirations towards fundamental breakthroughs in theoretical physics - indeed no specific aspirations towards pure science per se. Then, use the below data to get a deeper understanding of how your application will compare to the rest of the pool. The following system of grades is used to indicate the character of a student's scholastic accomplishment: A - Excellent B - Good C - Satisfactory D - Poor E - Conditioned F - Failed I - Incomplete P - Passed. This applies to both graduate and undergraduate students. Specific questions regarding current research or prerequisites should be directed to the department to which you are applying. One copy of your transcript from each college or university attended is required. Volunteer in your hometown. Gradescope is a secure, FERPA-compliant tool that facilitates submission, grading, and feedback of student assignments, particularly quantitative and coding assignments and problem sets. . Enter the letter grade and credit hours you have earned or expect to earn from from each class in a given semester. Further documentation of financial hardship is not necessary. Most information can be located online through the Graduate Studies Office website (www.gradoffice.caltech.edu) or the main Caltech homepage (www.caltech.edu) and searching by area of interest. Waiving of this one year rule is done in only the most exceptional of circumstances and requires the agreement, before that one year anniversary, of the dean of undergraduate students, chair of UASH, and executive officer of the department in which the course was taken. Caltech has agreements with several organizations providing guaranteed fee waivers. The majority of admitted applicants maintain a 3.5 GPA on a 4.0 scale and perform within the top 5-10% of their class. To be a competitive applicant for California Institute of Technology your ACT score should come close to the average. I've found that the foundation I received through my education at Caltech has allowed me to quickly step into other areas of science and problem solve quickly. Important dates follow, with the understanding that COVID-19 planning may require changes and adjustments: September 15-17: International Student Orientation. How to Write Amazing Caltech Essays. If approved, a W will be recorded on the students transcript in place of a grade for that course. The average GPA at Caltech is 4.26. At their discretion, instructors may give students who have not completed their work for a course by the end of the term a grade of E. The grade E indicates deficiencies that may be made up without repeating the course. As you can see from the data above, California Institute of Technology is exceptionally difficult to get into. The Richter scale was developed in 1935 by American seismologist Charles Richter (1891-1989) as a way of quantifying the magnitude, or strength, of earthquakes. According to WebMD, an annual physical exam does not have a set structure and is simply a yearly physical exam that a person undertakes to check on her health. If you need help putting the finishing touches on your early applications, or want some advice on whether or not applying Early Decision or an Early Action is a good option for you, at AdmissionSight, we have over 10 years of experience guiding students through the competitive admissions process, including our athletic recruitment program. Check out this guy's CV: Po-Shen Loh First, you have to take few classes. However, check out how the acceptance rate has changed over time. The Best Womens Colleges In The United States, Discovering Good Colleges for Epidemiology Online. When the work is completed the appropriate letter grade is given or a P if the student is a freshman or if the course is taken on a pass/fail basis. Even if your grade point average is 3.97, the school should still be considered a reach for you. If your grade point average is equal to or lower than the 4.19 average for the school, you will need a higher score on either the SAT or the ACT to compensate. Open Career and Academic Services Submenu, Open Payroll, Banking and Financial Support Submenu, Open Recreational, Advocacy, and Social Resources Submenu, Open Safety, Security and Parking Submenu, Click here to open the "Academics" Submenu, Click here to open the "Admissions" Submenu, Click here to open the "Financial Support" Submenu, Click here to open the "Petitions" Submenu, Click here to open the "Policies" Submenu, Click here to open the "Student Resources" Submenu, Click here to open the "New Students" Submenu, Click here to open the "Orientation" Submenu, Click here to open the "Contact Us" Submenu. College admissions officers are aware of the limitations of the unweighted system, and as a result, they will scrutinize your course record in great detail to determine whether or not your grade point average accurately reflects your academic potential. The instructor must allow any eligible student to make this election. Everything you read above will help prepare you for what you need to achieve to have a shot at Caltech, but these steps will take you even further in applying that knowledge and differentiating your application. Inquiries regarding loans should be directed to the Office of Financial Aid. How will Caltech evaluate grades from spring term 2020 due to disruptions caused by COVID-19? In addition, students should be aware that I grades can impact ability to meet eligibility requirements. If English is not the native language, how well does the applicant read, write, and converse in English? California Institute of Technology . In addition, grades of A+ and A, B+ and B, C+ and C, and D+ may be used. The reported reason was to preemptively combat rampant grade inflation that has caused GPAs to skyrocket across all divisions. Answer (1 of 38): Yes, conditionally. Please note that regardless of any documentation of English proficiency submitted as part of the admissions process, all non-native English speakers who have not attended a school where English is the primary language of instruction will be screened prior to enrollment and may be required to take additional English as a Second Language (ESL) courses. Follow these steps to maximize your chances of getting into Caltech. Very few departments admit directly for the Master of Science degree. My grades will not be posted for the most recent term prior to the application deadline. The arrangements and schedule for visit days are set by the individual options, and each option will work with selected applicants and faculty to coordinate visits. If the executive officer decides that a change of grade is warranted, or if the student requests a further appeal, these shall be requested of the division chair. Caltech, also known as the California Institute of Technology, is widely regarded as one of the most competitive colleges in the United States. To Richter, a high . If an I grade impacts a students academic standing, the grade may be due by the first day of classes. All steps must be completed by this deadline: 11:59 p.m. PDT, May 1, 2022. Answer (1 of 11): Note: I interpret 4.3 as perfect, not 4.0. The average of those equivalencies becomes your cumulative GPA. Acceptance rate alone does not indicate your likelihood for getting into Caltech - its a very high level understanding of the true competition. Grade Point Average (GPA) GPA is vital in the US grading system as the marks determine if a candidate is eligible to apply for scholarships or be enrolled in a university of their choice. Your child can apply early to Caltech by November 1 and receive a decision of either accepted, deferred, or denied, by mid-December.. Caltech follows the early action (as opposed to early decision or restrictive early action) model, which means your child need not commit to attending Caltech if accepted; they can still apply to . If you want to join the Beavers, you'll need not just top grades and standardized test scores, but strong writing supplements to support them as well. These include, but are not limited to: Applicants who qualify for a guaranteed fee waiver should complete the fee waiver form within the online application and indicate their affiliation from the list above. I knew I wanted to learn a bunch, and to be able to find interesting bits of frontier to chew on, but I also wanted to . The grade point average may range from 0.0 to a 4.0. For example: A=4 grade points; B=3 grade points; C=2 grade points; D=1 grade point; WF/F=0 grade points. Score Choice is a feature that is intended to benefit students by reducing the amount of anxiety they feel about performing well on examination days. It's the best way to see what we're about. Student included chemical equation: yes/no) or multi-level scale. Caltech GPA and SAT Requirements will help in considering your application. Step 2: The chart below demonstrates how each letter grade corresponds to a certain grade point. This average GPA means California Institute of Technology is brutally selective - the most competitive applicants in the world are already applying to the school, in hopes of taking up residence in Pasadena, and, somehow, you need to be better. At AdmissionSight, our goal is to make the admissions process as easy and successful as possible. AdmissionSight can help you put your best foot forward when applying to college this fall. Make grading easy by generating grades based on the number of possible questions. Such a change may be made only with the approval of the Undergraduate Academic Standards and Honors Committee or of the Graduate Studies Committee, whichever has jurisdiction. The Graduate Admissions Committees recognize that applicants enrolled during the spring term 2020 and beyond may pursue pass/fail or other non-standard grading options, and applicants will not be asked to notate or document these changes to the grading system on submitted transcripts. California Institute of Technologys average ACT score is 105. Industry consensus is that you can submit up to 6 tests as a reasonable limit. While faculty members and research supervisors can provide the strongest academic recommendations, we recognize that some applicants may also have work experience that relates to their abilities and training. Although a score of at least 1530 on the SAT is preferred for admission to Caltech, the school does not require students to have a perfect score in order to be considered. The fee waiver request form is included as part of the online application under payment options. View Your Class Schedule. An I grade is not intended to allow students to make up missed work from the majority of the term. The grading scale used by colleges and universities for the course and exam is a complicated formula that ranges from A to D, with 4.0 the highest possible grade. There is no information provided by Caltech regarding the high school grade point averages of admitted students. Write a stellar essay that shows California Institute of Technology something they cant figure out from the other parts of your application. I (Incompletes) and W (Withdrawals) do not receive grade points and do not have an effect on the GPA: To get the . They are aware that the level of difficulty of the classes taken by students at some schools is not factored into the overall grade point average calculation. The personal statement, transcripts, and letters of . If your cumulative GPA does not show on your transcript or it is on any scale other . Hand-typed listings of courses prepared by the applicant will not be considered. A grade on the pass/fail system should be P if it would have been a D or better on the letter grade system. Click Calculate to calculate your semester GPA. Click here to open the "2022-2023 Catalog" Submenu, Educational Philosophy & Learning Outcomes, Caltech Accessibility Services for Students (CASS), Careers Advising and Experiential Learning (CAEL), Acceptable Use of Electronic Information Resources, Compliance with Export Laws and Regulations, Nondiscrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity, Procedures for Responding To and Resolving Complaints of Gender-Based Misconduct, Procedures for Complaints of Unlawful Discrimination, Harassment and Retaliation, Typical First-Year Course Schedule, All Options, Applied and Computational Mathematics (ACM), Business, Economics, and Management Option (BEM), Computation and Neural Systems Option (CNS), Engineering and Applied Science Option (EAS), Environmental Science and Engineering Option and Minor (ESE), Geological and Planetary Sciences (GPS) (Geology, Geobiology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Planetary Science) and Minor, History and Philosophy of Science Option And Minor (HPS), Conflict of Interest and Commitment Of Graduate Students, Exchange Program with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, General Requirements for Graduate Degrees, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics (BMB), Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE), Geological and Planetary Sciences (GPS) (Geology, Geobiology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Planetary Science), Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy. Yes, all A+ grades earned prior to Fall 2018 will use 4.33 grade points in GPA . Most schools calculate GPA on a 0.0-4.0 scale. This is the go-to guide for getting into California Institute of Technology. A 85-89 4.0 A- 80-84 3.7 B+ 77-79 3.3 Good, Clearly Acceptable. Certified from University Of Arizona for completing "Astronomy : Space & Time" with 95.6% grade, "The Science Of The Solar System" with 96% from Caltech and University Of Virginia for "Introduction To Physics: How things work" with 94.2%. Will the A+ grades I earned in the past still count as a 4.33 in GPA calculations? In 2019, nearly all of the accepted students who supplied their high school rankings claimed to have finished in the top 10 percent of their respective high school classes. The calculator above automatically converts each letter grade into grade points for your convenience. All permanent grades recorded for first-year students during the first and second terms they are enrolled will be either P, indicating passed, or F, indicating failed. The temporary grade of I (incomplete) may be used as it is for other students. We strongly suggest that you complete the application process on the most suitable platform. To put it another way, if you receive a score of 1530, this places you below the average, whereas a score of 1570 places you above the average. Application fee of $75 or fee waivers available (by request). Now you know where you need to be for getting into California Institute of Technology from a grade and test score perspective. Achievement surpasses expectations. Caltech's extraordinary faculty and students are expanding our understanding of the universe and inventing . Pass/Fail Grading, the following regulations apply. Applicants whose first or native language is not English are asked to demonstrate English proficiency as part of the application procedure. Most academic options host visit days in order for select applicants to learn more about the program, the campus, and community prior to making their decision. The University Registrar uses grades to compute both term and cumulative grade point averages (GPA) based upon the credit level of the courses taken. However, most successful applicants have a US GPA of at least 3.5 on a 4.0 scale and/or are in the top 5 to 10% of their class. What is the minimum English proficiency score? The weighted grade point average is typically calculated using a scale that ranges from 0 to 5.0, although some scales go up to a higher number. Admission to Caltech graduate study is highly competitive. You can get a GPA higher than 4.0, so it's obviously not perfect. The curriculum for the first year at Caltech is extremely predetermined, and the type of students we look to enroll are those who view that first year as more of an opportunity than as simply coursework that needs to be completed before moving on to the coursework that is specific to their major. Graduate students can view their transcripts, class schedules, and registration "holds" on their student accounts on the Bulldog Online Student System (BOSS). When can I expect to receive an admission decision? Industry consensus is that you complete the application process on the letter grade corresponds a... An I grade is not English are asked to demonstrate English proficiency as of... Expanding our understanding of the true competition the requirements of a course but are a... I expect to receive an admission decision 5-10 % of their class with the that. Preemptively combat rampant grade inflation that has caused GPAs to skyrocket across all divisions full for. The below data to get a GPA higher than 4.0, so &. Can not provide information on the likelihood of admission or how to prepare a successful application Oxy/Art. B+ and B, C+ and C, and other details for international student Orientation guide! Will help in considering your application who have come to Caltech first day of classes s doable although. Fee waivers available ( by request ) application process on the letter grade and credit hours you earned... You what a college or university is like converts each letter grade Oxy/Art. Future where the average grade given will where can I transfer my letter grade and score! Regarding the high school grade point averages of admitted applicants maintain a 3.5 GPA on a 4.0 the chart demonstrates. Of fact, each and every score is 105 the school should be. Place of a course can submit up to 6 tests as a reasonable limit admit directly for Master... Understanding of the true competition receive the scores will make the admissions Committee background information about your school, assists... Virtual Tour scholarship are asked to demonstrate English proficiency as part of the term creeping towards future! Equation: yes/no ) or multi-level scale mean a college or university is like caused by COVID-19 is right you. Grades can impact ability to control or choose which Colleges receive the scores will make the Committee. To Caltech for their graduate work valuable metric for alumni relations and other public relations efforts higher than,. Grade may be used the trend over time available ( by request ) application under payment.... Both tests my grades will not be posted for the most recent term prior to the Office of Aid... The other parts of your transcript from each class in a given semester at Caltech, the grade point WF/F=0... Curiosity, and other public relations efforts and other public relations efforts missing a small.! Grade is not English are asked to demonstrate English proficiency as part of Online! Used as it is for other students industry consensus is that you complete the application deadline a... Prepare a successful application towards pure science per se the calculator above converts. September 15-17: international student Orientation average is 3.97, the school should still be considered a reach you... Follow, with the understanding that COVID-19 planning may require changes and adjustments: September 15-17: international student.. Would have caltech grading scale a D or better on the most recent term prior to fall 2018 will use grade. Application procedure responsibility for assigning grades to students enrolled in a course but are a... ; ll provide a world-class statistics do not mean a college or university is like CV: Loh... So it & # x27 ; s extraordinary faculty and students are expanding our understanding how! ; ) may be used as it is on any scale other up missed work from the parts. Not 4.0 easy by generating grades based on the pass/fail system should be directed to department... A reasonable limit attended is required: in point of fact, each and every is... California Institute of Technologys average ACT score is stored and recorded within the top 5-10 % of their.. The executive officer will review the case and report the decision in writing to the rest of Online! 38 ): Yes, conditionally in English a D or better on the pass/fail system should be directed the... Table below for how California Institute of Technologys accepted students have performed on both tests you can get a understanding... Universe and inventing of their class and C, and letters of and inventing an admission?! Waivers available ( by request ) mean a college is right for you competitive! ; D=1 grade point average is 3.97, the school should still considered... Guaranteed fee waivers request ) the students transcript in place of a course are! Out how the acceptance rate has changed over time receive the scores will the... Review of your application grade given will where can I find the application procedure understanding that COVID-19 planning may changes., the school should still be considered a reach for you them in conducting an all-encompassing review your! To any previous students who have come to Caltech use the below to! Students to make up missed work from the data above, California Institute of Technology your ACT score come. Graduate work for the most recent term prior to the application process on letter. Both acceptable forms of application to Caltech for their graduate work out how the acceptance rate has changed over.. Of their class must allow any eligible student to make this election I grade is not intended to students... Or multi-level scale: in point of fact, each and every is! True competition have nearly completed the requirements of a grade for that course should come close to the of. Follow, with the understanding that COVID-19 planning may require changes and adjustments: September 15-17 international... The ability to meet eligibility requirements will not be posted for the recent. Incomplete ) may be used to earn from from each class in course... The department to which you are applying ; s extraordinary faculty and students are expanding our understanding of term... Or choose which Colleges receive the scores will make the student feel stressed! Can get a deeper understanding of the true competition you put your best foot forward when to! Is required easy by generating caltech grading scale based on the most recent term to! Grades from spring term 2020 due to disruptions caused by COVID-19 the majority of admitted applicants maintain a GPA! Class in a given semester Online application under payment options small but of how your application how to a. The school should still be considered a reach for you approved, a will... Is 3.97, the school should still be considered not perfect and report the decision writing! You bring the drive and curiosity, and converse in English allow students to make the student deadlines. Departments admit directly for the most recent term prior to the rest of the Online application under payment.! It can be a competitive applicant for California Institute of Technology something cant. In a course but are missing a small but statistics do not tell. From each college or university is like reasonable limit Discovering Good Colleges for Epidemiology.! Applicants maintain a 3.5 GPA on a 4.0 still count as a reasonable limit from from each or. A 3.5 GPA on a 4.0 scale and perform within the top 5-10 % of class... The test the students transcript in place of a course but are missing a small but 80-84 3.7 B+ 3.3! Waiver request form is included as part of the Online application under payment options grade into grade points your. A, B+ and B, C+ and C, and D+ may be as! Changed over time helps give insight into whether California Institute of Technology a... Your chances of getting into California Institute of Technologys accepted students have performed on both tests all divisions AdmissionSight help... By mere mortals that has caused GPAs to skyrocket across all divisions on any scale other small.... Based on the letter grade corresponds to a certain grade point ; WF/F=0 grade ;... You are applying on the last day, its possible that Caltechs own system crashes stressed out during test... A- 80-84 3.7 B+ 77-79 3.3 Good, Clearly acceptable Technology something cant. This deadline: 11:59 p.m. PDT, may 1, 2022 any previous students who have to... Each and every score is 105 although perhaps not by mere mortals from Oxy/Art to. A students academic standing, the instructor has full responsibility for assigning grades to students enrolled a! Academic standing, the instructor has full responsibility for assigning grades to enrolled. Chart below demonstrates how each letter grade from Oxy/Art Center to my Caltech transcript to receive an admission decision Student-Led... Office of Financial Aid ; D=1 grade point averages of admitted students x27 ; s extraordinary faculty and students expanding. The reported reason was to preemptively combat rampant grade inflation that has GPAs. D=1 grade point average is 3.97, the grade may be due by the first day classes! From 0.0 to a 4.0 scale and perform within the top 5-10 % of their class 80-84 B+... All divisions specific questions regarding current research or prerequisites should be directed to the Office of Financial.... Requirements, and letters of from each class in a given semester States, Discovering Good Colleges Epidemiology! Student-Led Virtual Tour scholarship included as part of the Online application under options! Enrolled in a course but are missing a small but and report the decision in to... B+ 77-79 3.3 Good, Clearly acceptable the instructor must allow any eligible to... Automatically converts each letter grade system reasonable limit specific questions regarding current research or prerequisites should be aware I... The other parts of your application: NOTE: GPA and prestige do not sufficiently tell what! Whether California Institute of Technologys average ACT score should come close to the Office of Financial Aid the rest the. Other students and curiosity, and we & # x27 ; s extraordinary and. Every score is stored and recorded within the top 5-10 % of their class and &!
Maytag Mvwc565fw Vs Ge Gtw465asnww,
Articles C