Hamilcar had managed to persuade the Numidian prince Naravas to defect with his cavalry force to the Carthaginian side, lured by the promise of Hamilcar's daughter for his wife. Carthage often hauled defeated generals and admirals before the Tribunal of 100 and had them crucified, so Hamilcar probably distanced himself from the possibility of prosecution if the Roman terms turned out to be harsh enough for Carthaginian authorities to seek a scapegoat. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). Epist. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. People disenfranchised by the ruin of the navy and disruption of trade might have thrown in their lot with this group[76] and eventually Hasdrubal the Fair emerged as the leader. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. He was known for his skill as a commander and his contributions to the army. Hamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". Hercte west of Panormus. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. Hamilcar in turn nominated Gisco,[38] the Carthaginian commander of Lilybaeum, to conduct the talks. Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! Best walking boots for men and women for 2023, tested by experts. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. Prior to his departure from Carthage, Hamilcar made sacrifices to obtain favorable omens and Hannibal swore never to be a "Friend of Rome" and "Never to show goodwill to the Romans". Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. First Punic War. [35] Hamilcar had to promise considerable rewards to keep the morale of his army up, which was to produce near fatal problems for Carthage later on. Livy states Hanno son of Hamilcar in 204 BC left Carthage with 4,000 cavalry and never came back. Because Carthaginians kept no written chronicles of Hannibals life, historical knowledge of Hannibal was based upon Carthaginian oral traditions and entirely on Roman written records. Rome, which had dealt with Carthage with all due honor and courtesy during the crisis, going as far as to release all Punic prisoners without ransom and refuse to accept offers from Utica and Rebels mercenaries based in Sardinia to incorporate these territories into the Roman domain, seized Sardinia and Corsica and forced Carthage to pay 1,200 talents for her initial refusal to renounce her claim over the islands. He is responsible for designing and . General who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 BC). Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. Hamilcar was in a secure enough position in Iberia to send Hasdrubal the Fair with an army to Africa to quell a Numidian rebellion in 236 BC. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. With a reduced army and fleet, Hamilcar commenced his operations. Hamilcar had at least three daughters and at least three sons. From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. [78] This event may have taken place as early as 241 BC or more likely in 237 BC. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. Hamilcar Barca. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. Their opponents probably had the support of people who had wanted to continue the war even after the defeat at Aegates Island. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. Valens reckless failure in diplomacy and battle with the goths sent the Western Roman empire down the path to hell. #1. Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. We care about our planet! Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. ". Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. Hamilcar defeated the confederates, killed the leaders and several of their soldiers, while he released a number of prisoners and incorporated 3,000 of the enemy into his army. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. Carthage and its HarbourThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. The daylight outside was beginning to strike on the folding shutters of black lattice-work. Hamilcar besieged Indortes, tortured and crucified him after his surrender but allowed 10,000 of the captured enemy soldiers to go home.[105]. Hamilcar Barca 275-228 BC In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. An unnamed fourth son is often referred to, but details are lacking. Omissions? 23 Hamilcar Barca Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 23 Hamilcar Barca Premium High Res Photos Browse 23 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. Roman Beach AttackThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa, the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic name Barkho, and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.[3]. By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. He replaced Carthalo, who had not been altogether unsuccessful, as the commander of the Carthaginian fleet. Of the eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and historians. Buy History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon.com: History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son Hannibal, whom he may have imbued with his own deep suspicion of Rome and trained to be his successor in the conflict. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. According to Appian, Hamilcar was thrown from his horse and drowned in a river,[116] but Polybius says he fell in battle in an unknown corner of Iberia against an unnamed tribe. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. However his popular influence among the people frightened any Senators off attempting to bring him to trial. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) 18 Jan 2023. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. There are several versions to what happened next: Orissus offered to aid Hamilcar, then attacked the Punic army, and Hamilcar drowned during a retreat across the Jucar river;[114] the Oretani sent ox-driven carts to the Carthaginian position, then set them on fire and Hamilcar died in the resulting melee;[115] Hamilcar accepted an offer to parley, then led the enemy in one direction while Hannibal and Hasdrubal Barca fled in the opposite direction. To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. Hamilcar ( Punic: , MLK) [1] was a general who succeeded to the command of the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. However, the Carthaginian authorities waited until the whole army had gathered at Carthage, probably by the summer of 241 BC. The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 193, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 145, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 146, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p147, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p148, Lazenby, John .F, The First Punic War, p. 157, Diodorus Siculus 24.13, Cornelius Nepos, Hamilcar, 1.5, Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars, pp. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. Willing to relocate. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Cartwright, Mark. Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. This led to the Second Punic War and Hannibal taking the army across the Alps into Italy. [59], It is not exactly known how Hamilcar managed to outwit the rebels. Roman consul Fundanius (243/2 BC) arrogantly replied that Hamilcar should request a truce to save his living and denied the request. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). Related Content There was no other city like it. According to one line of thought,[60] the Carthaginian army order of march had the War Elephants leading the column, with the light troops and cavalry behind the elephants. After 15 years of fighting, there was still no end in sight to the Second Punic War. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. HAMILCAR BARCA, or Barcas (Heb. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 21:30. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198. He met fierce resistance from the Iberia tribes, even the friendly Bastetani offered battle. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. 285-c. 229 B.C.) In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. No. Hamilcar Barca | Father of Hannibal and Enemy of Rome | Carthaginian History 2,359 views Apr 22, 2022 144 Dislike Share Serapeum 2.07K subscribers I guess this can be counted as the spiritual. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. All the black African looking coins have been carbon dated around the time that Hannibal was alive, but the Semitic looking coins are dated roughly a century or more after Hannibals death. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. 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